DVD front cover for, one of the most celebrated serials for both Republic Pictures and of the sound era in general. A serial, film serial, movie serial or chapter play, is a motion picture form popular during the first half of the 20th century, consisting of a series of exhibited in consecutive order at one theater, generally advancing weekly, until the series is completed. Generally, each serial involves a single set of characters, protagonistic and antagonistic, involved in a single story, which has been edited into chapters after the fashion of and the episodes cannot be shown out of order or as a single or a random collection of short subjects. Each chapter was screened at a movie theater for one week, and ended with a, in which characters found themselves in perilous situations with little apparent chance of escape. Viewers had to return each week to see the cliffhangers resolved and to follow the continuing story. Movie serials were especially popular with children, and for many youths in the first half of the 20th century a typical Saturday at the movies included at least one chapter of a serial, along with,, and two. Poster for (1914) Silent era [ ] Famous American serials of the silent era include and made by and starring.
Another popular serial was the 119-episode made by and starring for the first forty-eight episodes then for the remainder. Other major studios of the silent era, such as and, produced serials, as did,,. Several independent companies (for example, ) made serials.
Four silent serials were also made. Europe had its own serials: in France launched his series of films in 1908, and the idea of the episodic crime adventure was developed particularly by in (1913–14), (1915), and (1916); in Germany, (1916), directed by, was a six-part horror serial about an artificial creature.
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